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Immigration 2024300,4965th in the EU-27
Net migration 2024+94,627immigration − emigration
First-time asylum claims 202511,16010th in the EU-27 · 1.7% UE
New citizenships 202416,07510th in the EU-27

Poland ranks 5th in the EU-27 for regular immigration: in 2024 it registered 300,496 arrivals and 205,869 departures, for a net balance of +94,627. In 2025 first-time asylum applications came to 11,160, 1.7% of the EU total; citizenship acquisitions in 2024 numbered 16,075.

Regular migration

The series includes all citizenships — EU citizens moving between member states and returning nationals included — and counts those moving their usual residence for at least 12 months. Compared with 2019, immigration is up 33%.

Immigration Emigration

Regular migration, Poland, by year · Eurostat
YearImmigrationEmigrationNet
2024300,496205,869+94,627
2023303,275194,063+109,212
2022275,515228,006+47,509
2021241,116201,595+39,521
2020210,615161,666+48,949
2019226,649180,594+46,055
2018214,083189,794+24,289
2017209,353218,492−9,139
2016208,302236,441−28,139
2015218,147258,837−40,690
2014222,275268,299−46,024
2013220,311276,446−56,135
2012217,546275,603−58,057
2011157,059265,798−108,739
2010155,131218,126−62,995
2009189,166229,320−40,154
200815,27530,140−14,865

Asylum applications

First-time applications for international protection lodged in Poland in 2025 came to 11,160 (the 10th-highest in the EU). The series peak remains 2024, with 14,440 applications.

First-time asylum applications, Poland, by year · Eurostat
YearFirst-time claims
202511,160
202414,440
20237,720
20227,695
20216,240
20201,505
20192,770
20182,405
20173,000
20169,790
201510,255
20145,605
201313,960
20129,175
20114,985
20104,335
20099,665
20087,200

New citizenships

In 2024 citizenship acquisitions came to 16,075, the 10th-highest in the EU-27. It is a lagging indicator: today's new citizens typically immigrated several years ago. The main previous citizenships of new citizens (2024): Ukraine (8,078), Russia (737), Türkiye (94), India (39), Tunisia (32).

Citizenship acquisitions, Poland, by year · Eurostat
YearAcquisitions
202416,075
202311,785
20229,558
20217,420
20206,999
20196,395
20185,115
20174,233
20163,684
20153,974
20144,073
20133,933
20123,792
20113,445
20102,926
20092,503
20081,802

Who leaves

In 2024, 125,667 of the country's own citizens moved abroad (the 6th-highest in the EU). The true number is almost certainly higher: emigration is measured through de-registrations, and people who leave do not always deregister.

How to read these numbers. Regular migration follows the UN definition (residence ≥ 12 months) and also includes EU citizens and returning nationals. “First-time applications” exclude repeat claims in the same country. Emigration, based on de-registrations, is generally undercounted. Definitions in the glossary, sources and limits in the methodology.

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